Frontier Conflicts in 19th-Century Australia

This course delves into the violent confrontations between British settlers and Aboriginal communities across Australia’s grasslands during the 19th century, focusing on the impacts of colonial expansion. We will explore the initial British intentions for peaceful coexistence, which deteriorated as settlers encroached on Aboriginal lands, leading to escalating misunderstandings and violent clashes over resources. Key events, such as the guerrilla warfare in Tasmania, the Myall Creek massacre, and violent encounters across Queensland, Victoria, and New South Wales, will be examined. Students will investigate the complex dynamics of frontier violence, including the roles the Native Police, who often led retaliatory attacks against Aboriginal groups, or aided in fights to seize land. The course will also cover the various methods of Aboriginal resistance, such as raids on livestock and settlements, and the tragic consequences of these conflicts, including massacres. We will analyze ineffective treaties, like John Batman's 1835 agreement, and the misunderstandings of Aboriginal spiritual connections to the land. Furthermore, we will assess the limited success of assimilation efforts in agriculture and education. The course will reflect on the moral and practical challenges faced by colonial authorities and the long-term consequences of these conflicts on Australia's history. IN DEVELOPMENT: COURSE OVERVIEW ONLY